How to Read a Legal Property Description

The legal description of a property precisely defines its boundaries. It is often more exact than a street address and is necessary for deeds and surveys. There are two main types of descriptions: metes‑and‑bounds and lot‑and‑block. Learning to interpret them can help you avoid confusion.

Metes-and-Bounds Descriptions

Metes‑and‑bounds descriptions use compass directions and distances to trace the perimeter of the property from a starting point. For example: “Beginning at a point on the north line of Oak Street, thence North 00°15'30" East 100.00 feet; thence North 89°44'30" West 50.00 feet,” and so on until the point of beginning is reached. Surveying experience is helpful for interpreting these descriptions.

Lot-and-Block Descriptions

Lot‑and‑block descriptions reference a recorded subdivision plat. They typically read: “Lot 5, Block 2 of Pine Ridge Subdivision, according to the plat recorded in Book 18, Page 32.” To visualize the boundaries, locate the plat at the county recorder’s office.

Why Accuracy Matters

An inaccurate legal description can cloud title or cause boundary disputes. When preparing a deed, copy the prior description exactly. If property has been partitioned, consult a licensed surveyor.